• The David Suzuki Foundation-Pembina GHG Quantification Tool


• Environment Canada, 2008. National Inventory Report 1990-2006 - Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada.


• European Environment Agency, Annual European Community greenhouse gas inventory 1990 - 2006 and inventory report 2008


• The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (the most widely used accounting tool for GHG emissions, developed by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development)


• GHG data from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.


• U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases: Foreign Electricity Emission Factors
  
  

WRI vehicle emission factors:

WRI bus emission factors:

WRI Rail emission factors:

• Energy emissions represent the total amount of metric tonnes of CO2 to result from on-site heating, electricity consumption and waste disposal as follows:


• On-site heating (Scope 1): the number of litres of natural gas, ethane, propane, butane, heating oil, kersone, and diesel, each multiplied by the corresponding emission factor for on-site generation, all divided by 1000.
  
  

  	Emission factor for on-site generation (CO2e (kg/L)
  Natural Gas	1.916
  Ethane	0.976
  Propane	1.534
  Butane	1.764
  Heating oil	2.843
  Kerosene	2.560
  Diesel	2.857



• Electricity emissions (Scope 2): the total amount of electricity in MWh multiplied by the country specific electricity emission factor in metric tonnes CO2/MWh.


• Waste disposal emissions (Scope 3): number of waste bins per week multiplied by the number of weeks and by waste disposal emission coefficient, all divided by 1000.


• Transport and travel emissions represent the total amount of metric tonnes of CO2 to result from using the company’ own fleet of vehicles (Scope 1), others’ means of transportation (Scope 3) including air, car, rail, bus, freight, as well as from travel accommodation. The formulas for air, car, rail and bus emissions are similar to those described in section 2 above.


• Freight emissions represent the amount of metric tonnes of CO2 to result from freight weight in tonnes multiplied by the distance traveled in miles/km and by the freight emission factor, all divided by 1000.
  
  WRI Freight emission factors:
  
  

  		Emission factor
  Road		0.072
  Water inland shipping		0.035
  Water marine shipping		0.01
  Air - short haul	<452km (281 miles)	1.58
  Air - medium haul	452 to 1600 km (281 to 994 miles)	0.8
  Air- long haul	>1600 km (994 miles)	0.57
  Rail - diesel locomotive		0.0200
  Rail - electric locomotive		0.0400
  Rail - coal locomotive		0.0260



• Accommodation emissions: Accommodation emissions: the total number of nights for all guests multiplied by by 29.53 kg CO2 for average hotels and by 33.39 kg CO2 for upscale hotels, all divided by 1000.


• Carbon credits represent the total amount of metric tonnes of CO2 offset through the purchase of CO2 offsets and RECs (adjusted by the country specific electricity emission factor).

• Energy emissions include area emissions (based on the size of the conference room(s), number of days and the emission factor) and waste disposal emissions (based on the number of bins per event and emission factor), all divided by 1000.


• Transportation emissions include emissions associated with air, rail, car, bus based on the number of participants and days (see formulas above).


• Accommodation emissions are based on the number of rooms, nights, meals (1.25 kgCO2 per person) and emission factors (average or upscale hotel).